{"type":"standard","title":"Frans Michel Penning","displaytitle":"Frans Michel Penning","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q387008","titles":{"canonical":"Frans_Michel_Penning","normalized":"Frans Michel Penning","display":"Frans Michel Penning"},"pageid":15388186,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/35/FMPenning.jpg","width":200,"height":223},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/35/FMPenning.jpg","width":200,"height":223},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1199376451","tid":"be60d3c9-bc9c-11ee-b294-d8c9e85b7cf7","timestamp":"2024-01-26T22:46:29Z","description":"Dutch physicist (1894–1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frans_Michel_Penning"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frans_Michel_Penning","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frans_Michel_Penning"}},"extract":"Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch experimental physicist. He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields. He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry.","extract_html":"
Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch experimental physicist. He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields. He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry.
"}{"fact":"Cats see six times better in the dark and at night than humans.","length":63}
{"slip": { "id": 217, "advice": "Identify sources of happiness."}}
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{"fact":"The largest cat breed is the Ragdoll. Male Ragdolls weigh between 12 and 20 lbs (5.4-9.0 k). Females weigh between 10 and 15 lbs (4.5-6.8 k).","length":141}
{"fact":"The Cat Fanciers Association (CFA) recognizes 44 breeds of cats.","length":64}
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{"slip": { "id": 180, "advice": "Never regret. If it's good, it's wonderful. If it's bad, it's experience."}}